John Lettieri, President and CEO of Economic Innovation Group | Official Website
John Lettieri, President and CEO of Economic Innovation Group | Official Website
These payments—which include Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and income maintenance—accounted for 11.3% of all personal income in the county, according to information from the Economic Innovation Group.
This marks a slight increase in the county’s reliance on government transfers compared to 2012, when such payments made up 10.5% of total income. Since then, the share has risen by 0.8%.
Government transfer payments are non-repayable funds provided by federal, state, or local governments to support individuals in need. These payments aim to stabilize economic conditions and provide financial support during hardships. Key programs include Social Security transfers (retirement benefits), Medicare transfers (healthcare for seniors), Medicaid transfers (healthcare for low-income individuals), and income maintenance transfers (financial assistance for basic needs).
In 2022, government transfers in Washington County primarily focused on older adults—such as Social Security transfers, which totaled $1 billion (42.2% of all transfer income), and Medicare, which accounted for $632.3 million (25.5%)—played a significant role in the county's overall income.
On a per capita basis, Social Security payments rose from $2,831 in 2012 and $506 in 1970 to $3,797 in 2022, reflecting a 34.1% increase over the past decade and a 650.4% shift since 1970.
Similarly, Medicare transfers climbed from $1,489 in 2012 and $130 in 1970 to $2,292, marking 53.9% and 1,663.1% increases, respectively.
These increases in per capita payments align with shifts in the county’s age distribution. In 2022, residents aged 65 and older made up 16.6% of the total population, compared to 11.6% in 2012 and 5.8% in 1970. While the senior share of the population has increased, the rise in per capita Social Security and Medicare transfers suggests that these assistance programs for older adults now require a larger share of government funding—either due to growing needs, expanded eligibility, higher benefit levels, or increased enrollment.
According to the Economic Innovation Group, total income in Washington County excluding public assistance amounted to $70,815 per capita in 2022, compared to $79,814 when government transfers were included.
Breaking down the other contributions in the county, Medicaid transfers made up $407.2 million, a 16.4% share of total income, while income maintenance programs, including assistance such as SNAP or TANF, added another $160.1 million, or 6.4% of the total.
Compared to the previous year, Washington County's reliance on government transfers decreased by 2.9%.
Government transfers have long been a modest financial safety net, historically comprising only a small fraction of Americans' income. However, since the 1970s—sometimes dubbed the “Great Transfer-mation”—dependency has surged from 8.2% (or $2,016 per capita in inflation-adjusted 2022 dollars) in 1970 to 17.6% (or $11,529 per capita) in 2022 nationwide.
According to the Economic Innovation Group’s analysis, these trends are not merely short-term responses to economic pressures but rather reflect a profound, long-term transformation in how government support is integrated into American life. The study illustrates that structural shifts—from rising healthcare expenses and demographic changes to stagnant wages—have significantly increased dependency on government transfers.
| County | State Rank (Per Capita Transfers) | Dependency on Transfers (%) | % Population 65+ | Social Security Transfers (%) | Medicare Transfers (%) | Medicaid Transfers (%) | Income Maintenance Transfers (%) | Per Capita Transfers ($) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Koochiching County | 1 | 34.54% | 28.35% | 33.8% | 21.8% | 26.2% | 8% | $18,288 |
| Traverse County | 2 | 21.19% | 25.69% | 28.9% | 25.2% | 29.1% | 10% | $18,142 |
| Big Stone County | 3 | 25.51% | 26.63% | 28.4% | 26.5% | 29.4% | 7.2% | $17,907 |
| Aitkin County | 4 | 35.56% | 34% | 32.9% | 28% | 22.5% | 6.9% | $17,748 |
| Cass County | 5 | 31.12% | 27% | 35.1% | 20.8% | 24.4% | 10.1% | $17,400 |
| Lac qui Parle County | 6 | 24.86% | 27.78% | 29% | 27.7% | 29.1% | 6.7% | $17,206 |
| Wadena County | 7 | 36.69% | 20.29% | 27.1% | 22.9% | 29.5% | 10% | $17,125 |
| Lake of the Woods County | 8 | 28.51% | 26% | 31.3% | 28.3% | 23.9% | 6.8% | $16,996 |
| Mahnomen County | 9 | 34.75% | 17.68% | 16.4% | 15.2% | 50% | 11.5% | $16,903 |
| Itasca County | 10 | 31.84% | 25.69% | 34.6% | 22.7% | 24.4% | 8.8% | $16,408 |
| Lake County | 11 | 30.94% | 27.75% | 35.2% | 24.2% | 22.5% | 5.7% | $16,406 |
| Norman County | 12 | 27.33% | 21.57% | 27.5% | 22.3% | 33% | 8.8% | $16,332 |
| Yellow Medicine County | 13 | 24.59% | 21.66% | 29.8% | 24.8% | 28.3% | 7% | $16,277 |
| Martin County | 14 | 25.13% | 24.37% | 32.6% | 25.9% | 25.4% | 9% | $15,784 |
| Clearwater County | 15 | 29.49% | 21% | 26.7% | 23.1% | 29.9% | 9.7% | $15,759 |
| Kittson County | 16 | 22% | 25.89% | 33.5% | 23.6% | 27.3% | 7.7% | $15,419 |
| Murray County | 17 | 22.71% | 26.78% | 32.5% | 30.3% | 22% | 7% | $15,381 |
| Grant County | 18 | 24.75% | 23.53% | 33.2% | 27.5% | 22.8% | 8.1% | $15,375 |
| Faribault County | 19 | 27.39% | 23.83% | 31.7% | 24.2% | 26.9% | 9.4% | $15,269 |
| Cottonwood County | 20 | 24.16% | 22.93% | 31.1% | 26.6% | 25.4% | 9.4% | $15,260 |
| Becker County | 21 | 26.26% | 22.8% | 31.7% | 23.6% | 27.5% | 8% | $15,100 |
| Renville County | 22 | 23.35% | 21.83% | 29.6% | 26.9% | 26.7% | 8.5% | $15,050 |
| Wilkin County | 23 | 21.17% | 19.88% | 28.2% | 21.5% | 34.3% | 8.5% | $14,932 |
| Beltrami County | 24 | 29.45% | 17.5% | 24.7% | 18.6% | 36% | 11.1% | $14,831 |
| Mille Lacs County | 25 | 28.82% | 18.32% | 31% | 23.9% | 25.6% | 8.5% | $14,810 |
| Crow Wing County | 26 | 28% | 24.48% | 36.6% | 24.8% | 19.4% | 7.7% | $14,795 |
| Hubbard County | 27 | 25.24% | 26.66% | 36.4% | 24% | 20.3% | 8.9% | $14,791 |
| Polk County | 28 | 25% | 19.4% | 27.2% | 20.6% | 32.5% | 10.2% | $14,768 |
| St. Louis County | 29 | 26% | 21.35% | 31.9% | 20.5% | 28.4% | 9.5% | $14,720 |
| Marshall County | 30 | 19.38% | 23.33% | 30.5% | 24.7% | 27.4% | 7.1% | $14,718 |
| Swift County | 31 | 22% | 23.62% | 27.3% | 23% | 31.8% | 9% | $14,711 |
| Red Lake County | 32 | 20% | 23% | 29.3% | 27.3% | 26.1% | 8.6% | $14,685 |
| Kanabec County | 33 | 29% | 21.75% | 33.7% | 23.8% | 24.6% | 8.6% | $14,485 |
| Pine County | 34 | 32% | 22.56% | 33.2% | 22% | 24.4% | 9.7% | $14,479 |
| Pope County | 35 | 22.71% | 25.29% | 32.7% | 26.9% | 23.9% | 7.4% | $14,474 |
| Lincoln County | 36 | 23.74% | 24.39% | 30.6% | 24.1% | 30.5% | 6.8% | $14,361 |
| Otter Tail County | 37 | 25.28% | 25.42% | 36.1% | 24.8% | 20.7% | 7.5% | $14,347 |
| Chippewa County | 38 | 25.54% | 21.81% | 28.5% | 24.5% | 29.7% | 9.1% | $14,320 |
| Todd County | 39 | 25.64% | 23.25% | 29.4% | 25.8% | 26.4% | 9.1% | $14,281 |
| Cook County | 40 | 25% | 30.94% | 43.3% | 25.9% | 17.1% | 5.8% | $14,197 |
| Brown County | 41 | 22.73% | 22.11% | 33% | 27.2% | 24.2% | 6.9% | $14,130 |
| Freeborn County | 42 | 25.47% | 23.25% | 34.9% | 24% | 22.8% | 10.5% | $14,106 |
| Redwood County | 43 | 19% | 21.57% | 29.7% | 26.7% | 27% | 8% | $14,103 |
| Morrison County | 44 | 27.28% | 21.22% | 30% | 24.5% | 24.1% | 8.4% | $14,060 |
| Carlton County | 45 | 27.82% | 18.64% | 30.8% | 23.2% | 27.3% | 7.6% | $13,981 |
| Douglas County | 46 | 22.23% | 24.27% | 37.7% | 25.4% | 20% | 6.8% | $13,898 |
| Wabasha County | 47 | 22.35% | 23.56% | 35.4% | 28.7% | 20.3% | 5.9% | $13,597 |
| Mower County | 48 | 24.97% | 18.47% | 29.5% | 22.4% | 28.4% | 11.7% | $13,443 |
| Pennington County | 49 | 20.29% | 19.13% | 28.9% | 23.3% | 27.5% | 8.6% | $13,432 |
| Pipestone County | 50 | 19.88% | 21% | 28.7% | 26.6% | 28.9% | 9.6% | $13,414 |
| Kandiyohi County | 51 | 22.21% | 20.33% | 31.5% | 22.5% | 25.3% | 10.8% | $13,217 |
| Jackson County | 52 | 20.59% | 23.62% | 33.1% | 23.6% | 26.3% | 8.6% | $13,089 |
| Meeker County | 53 | 23.8% | 21.16% | 34.6% | 23.9% | 23.7% | 7.9% | $13,033 |
| Rock County | 54 | 21.27% | 20.45% | 32.9% | 26.6% | 24% | 8.2% | $12,984 |
| Houston County | 55 | 21.61% | 23.33% | 38.8% | 21.4% | 23.2% | 6.6% | $12,969 |
| Fillmore County | 56 | 22.93% | 22% | 34.8% | 25.2% | 24.3% | 7.4% | $12,751 |
| Waseca County | 57 | 23.16% | 19.31% | 34.1% | 25.1% | 23.5% | 8.8% | $12,707 |
| Lyon County | 58 | 21% | 17.6% | 29.3% | 21.7% | 29.8% | 10.4% | $12,693 |
| Ramsey County | 59 | 19.37% | 15.9% | 27.5% | 18.1% | 34.3% | 13.6% | $12,662 |
| Watonwan County | 60 | 22% | 20.84% | 29.6% | 23.1% | 28.3% | 9.2% | $12,597 |
| Sibley County | 61 | 20.7% | 19.57% | 32.5% | 25.3% | 25.5% | 8.2% | $12,392 |
| Goodhue County | 62 | 19.3% | 20.67% | 38.1% | 26.6% | 20.7% | 6.5% | $12,352 |
| McLeod County | 63 | 21.44% | 20.12% | 35.3% | 26% | 23% | 6.9% | $12,345 |
| Roseau County | 64 | 19.5% | 19.35% | 34.9% | 23.3% | 24.7% | 8.6% | $11,942 |
| Steele County | 65 | 21.47% | 19% | 35.6% | 23.6% | 23.8% | 9.6% | $11,778 |
| Winona County | 66 | 20% | 18.89% | 34.7% | 21.5% | 24.8% | 8.9% | $11,521 |
| Stevens County | 67 | 17.55% | 17.69% | 29.4% | 26.5% | 25.7% | 9.3% | $11,446 |
| Stearns County | 68 | 19.2% | 16.16% | 30.6% | 22% | 20.7% | 10.9% | $11,387 |
| Nobles County | 69 | 19.74% | 17% | 28.9% | 21.6% | 29.8% | 12.3% | $11,078 |
| Clay County | 70 | 21.43% | 14% | 27.6% | 18.5% | 30.3% | 12.5% | $10,923 |
| Isanti County | 71 | 20.82% | 16.97% | 37.2% | 21.2% | 21.3% | 8.2% | $10,914 |
| Hennepin County | 72 | 12% | 15.73% | 31.2% | 19.4% | 31.2% | 11.1% | $10,860 |
| Chisago County | 73 | 18.35% | 17.11% | 36.9% | 25.3% | 20.5% | 6.7% | $10,790 |
| Le Sueur County | 74 | 17.74% | 18.56% | 35.6% | 23% | 24.5% | 7.5% | $10,768 |
| Benton County | 75 | 19.62% | 14.3% | 31% | 19.1% | 26.8% | 11.2% | $10,643 |
| Nicollet County | 76 | 17.8% | 17.88% | 35.2% | 23.7% | 21.4% | 8.8% | $10,319 |
| Rice County | 77 | 19.19% | 16.46% | 36.8% | 22.8% | 22.9% | 9.1% | $10,275 |
| Blue Earth County | 78 | 19.23% | 15% | 32.1% | 22.5% | 23% | 11.1% | $10,159 |
| Olmsted County | 79 | 14.84% | 16.83% | 36.2% | 21.8% | 24.3% | 9.8% | $10,026 |
| Dodge County | 80 | 16.53% | 15.87% | 35.7% | 23.4% | 22.9% | 8.6% | $9,759 |
| Anoka County | 81 | 16% | 15.41% | 35.8% | 21.9% | 24.3% | 9.1% | $9,665 |
| Dakota County | 82 | 13.53% | 15.92% | 37.8% | 23.3% | 22% | 7.9% | $9,466 |
| Washington County | 83 | 11.27% | 16.61% | 42.2% | 25.5% | 16.4% | 6.4% | $8,999 |
| Sherburne County | 84 | 15.47% | 12.35% | 35.2% | 24.4% | 18.8% | 9% | $8,833 |
| Wright County | 85 | 13.45% | 13.7% | 37.3% | 25% | 20.1% | 7.2% | $8,412 |
| Carver County | 86 | 8.64% | 14.35% | 41.7% | 25.8% | 17.6% | 6% | $7,522 |
| Scott County | 87 | 9.65% | 12.47% | 38.4% | 23.3% | 19.8% | 8.3% | $7,279 |
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